[Pyloric gland adenoma - a rare tumor of the upper gastrointestinal tract with a high risk of malignancy]. / Adenoma piloricheskikh zhelez ­ redkaya opukhol' verkhnikh otdelov zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta s vysokim riskom malignizatsii.

BACKGROUND: Pyloric gland adenomas (PGA) are rare neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. According to the literature, these lesions may be underdiagnosed, and their true frequency of occurrence is underestimated. OBJECTIVE: Clinical and morphological analysis of eight PGA cases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 8 cases of detection of PGA. In 7 out of 8 cases, the tumor was diagnosed by examining endoscopic biopsies, in 1 case, PGA was an accidental finding in the surgical material after proximal gastric resection. RESULTS: 6 out of 8 patients were female, the median age was 65 years (minimum 36 years and maximum 78 years). In 6 cases, PDA was localized in the stomach, in 1 - in the esophagus and in 1 - in the duodenum The size of the tumors ranged from 0.6 cm to 7.5 cm. 4 out of 6 stomach tumors appeared on the background of confirmed autoimmune gastritis, 1 - on the background of lymphocytic gastritis. 4 tumors were found in the body of the stomach, 1 - in the cardia, 1 - in the bottom of the stomach. In 2 out of 8 cases, there were signs of malignancy of the tumor with the transition to a highly differentiated adenocarcinoma. According to the results of the IHC study, the absence of a p53 mutation was noted in these cases. CONCLUSION: PGA should be considered as neoplasms with a high risk of transformation into invasive adenocarcinoma. Increasing the recognition of PGA among pathologists and further understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in their neoplastic transformation will improve the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.

[The intermitochondrial contacts of cardiomyocytes during cardiac adaptation under pathological conditions]. / Mezhmitokhondrial'nye kontakty kardiomiotsitov pri adaptatsii serdtsa v usloviiakh patologii.

Intermitochondrial junctions (IMJ)-recently described intracellular structures-were investigated in order to evaluate their role in pathology. Chronic and acute pathological processes including myocardial hypertrophy and its regression, chronic alcohol cardiomyopathy, acute pancreatitis and acute diffuse peritonitis were modelled in 106 male rats. The myocardial tissue was studied histologically, electron-microscopically and morphometrically. It is shown that myocardial hyperfunction morphology is due to the heart functional overload that requires its adequate energy supply. Therefore, apart from the mitochondrial hyperplasia, their association by means of IMJ occurs. IMJ number decreased in case of a heart overload reduction, and complete destruction of mitochondria and IMJ takes place in acute conditions leading to the animals' death of heart failure. The authors consider IMJ formation and destruction in pathology to be manifestation of the compensatory-adaptive reaction not described so far.